Abstract
The genus Tectaria Cav., family Tectariaceae, was studied from the Western Ghats, a world biodiversity hotspot. During field work, the authors collected an interesting species of Tectaria. After reviewing the literature, comparing it with the type specimen, and consulting various online herbaria, it was identified as Tectaria paradoxa (Fee) Sledge. Earlier researchers misidentified the species as T. coadunata (J. Sm.) C. Chr. or T. fuscipes (Wall. ex Bedd.) C. Chr. Further, molecular identification of the species was done by analysing the chloroplast DNA regions using rbcL marker and generated sequences. After construction of the phylogenetic tree/phylogeny, it was noted that T. paradoxa forms a clade with T. kusukusensis (Hayata) Lellinger. It was also noted that existing sequences of T. paradoxa available in the NCBI database merge with T. coadunata or T. gemmifera (Fee) Alston. Thus, the present study confirms the molecular identity of T. paradoxa for the first time, and sequences have been deposited under the name Tectaria paradoxa at NCBI database (Acc. No. MN119733) and BOLD data system (ID-MIPDG035-18).References
Alston, A. (1939): Family Dryopteridaceae. J. Bot. 77: 288.
Ashwini, S. & T.R. Parashurama (2012): Pteridophytic Composition in Banajalaya Forest Region, Karnataka, South India. IJSR 3(10): 954–957.
Antony, R., C.R. Fraser-Jenkins, N.N Mohanan & C.P. Koshya (2014): Tectaria puberula (Desv.) C. Chr. (Dryopteridaceae: Pteridophyta), a new record for Asia. Indian Fern J. 31: 139–142.
Asif, M.J. & C.H. Cannon (2005): DNA extraction from processed wood: A case study for the identification of an endangered timber species (Gonystylus bancanus). Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 23: 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02772709
Beddome, R.H. (1883): Handbook to the Ferns of British India, Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula. Thacker Spink & Co, Calcutta. Reprint 1978, Today and Tomorrows Printers and Publishers, New Delhi, 500 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.101756
Ching, R.C. (1931): The studies of Chinese ferns VII A revision of the genus Tectariafrom China and Sikkim-Himalaya. Sinensia 2: 28.
Christensen, C. (1913): A monograph of the genus Dryopteris. Host & Son, Kobenhavn. 246 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.41414
Christensen, C. (1931): Asiatic Pteridophyte. Contr. U.S. Natl Herb. 26(6): 290.
Christensen, C. (1934): Enumeratio Generum Systematica. Index Filicum, Supplementum 209.
Darriba, D., G.L. Taboada, R. Doallo & D. Posada (2012): jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods 9(8): 772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109
Deepa, J., T.R. Parashurama, M. Krishanappa & S. Nataraja (2011): Enumeration of pteridophytes in Madhuguni forest, Central Western Ghats, Karnataka, South India. Indian Fern J. 28: 112–119.
Deepa, J., T.R. Parashurama, M. Krishanappa & S. Nataraja (2013): Distribution of pteridophytes in Kigga forest, Central Western Ghats, Karnataka, South India. Indian Fern J. 30:18–24.
Dixit, R.D. (1984): A Census of the Indian Pteridophytes. Botanical Survey of India, 182 pp.
Dubal, K.N., S.M. Patil, M.M. Dongare & M.V. Kale (2015): Investigation of chemical composition from Dryopteris cochleata (D. Don) C. Chr. (Dryopteridaceae). Asian J. Pharma. Clin. Res. 8(4): 1–4.
Dudani , S.N., M.K. Mahesh, M.D. Subash Chandran & T.V. Ramachandra (2013): Fern diversity in the sacred forests of Yana, Uttara Kannada, Central Western Ghats. Indian Fern J. 30: 61–68.
Dudani , S.N., M.K. Mahesh, M.D. Subash Chandran & T.V. Ramachandra (2014): Cyathea nilgirensis Holttum (Cyatheaceae: Pteridophyta): a threatened tree fern from central Western Ghats, India. JoTT 6(1): 5413–5416. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o3343.5413-6
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R., K.N. Gandhi & B.S. Kholia (2018): An Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes, Part II (Woodsiaceae to Dryopteridaceae). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun. 562 pp.
Hall, T.A. (1999): BioEdit: A User-Friendly Biological Sequence Alignment Editor and Analysis Program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
Holttum, R.E. (1947): A revised classification of Leptosporangiate ferns. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 53: 123–158. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1947.tb02554.x
Kress, J. & D.L. Erickson (2007): A two-locus global DNA barcode for land plants: The coding rbcL gene complements the noncoding trnH-psbA spacer region. PLoS One 2(6): e508. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000508
Leung, M.Y., B.E. Blaisdell, C. Burge & K. Samuel (1991): An efficient algorithm for identifying matches with errors in multiple long molecular sequences. J. Mol. Biol. 221(4): 1367–1378. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836(91)90938-3
Levin, R.A., W.L. Wagner, P.C. Hoch, M. Nepokr oeff , J.C. Pires, E.A. Zimmer & K.J. Sytsma (2003): Family-level relationships of Onagraceae based on chloroplast rbcL and ndhF data. Amer. Jour. Bot. 90: 107–115. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.1.107
Mahamuni, R.J. (2012): Studies on taxonomy and spore morphology of the ferns of Belgaum District, Karnataka. Ph.D. thesis submitted to Shivaji University, Kolhapur.
Mahamuni, R. & M. Dongare (2009): Diversity and distribution of the ferns from Belgaum District, Karnataka. Indian Fern J. 26: 137–141.
Manickam, V.S. & V. Irudayaraj (1992): Pteridophyte Flora of Western Ghats – South India. B. I. Publishers Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. 653 pp.
Mazumdar, J. (2017): Typification of Tectaria paradoxa (Polypodiaceae sub-fam. Tectarioideae). Reinwardtia 16(2): 93–95. https://doi.org/10.14203/reinwardtia.v16i2.3383
Parashurama, T.R., J. Deepa & P. Kariyajjanavar (2016): Pteridophyte diversity in Mudigere Taluk, Central Western Ghats, Karnataka, South India. Int. J. Curr. Res. 8(10): 40339–40342.
Patil, S.M., S.R. Yadav & M.M. Dongare (2014): Tectaria fuscipes (Wall. ex Bedd.) C. Chr. (Tectariaceae, Pteridophyta), a new record for southern India. J. Japan Bot. 89: 187–190.
Patil, S.M., R.N. Kachhiyapatel & K.S. Rajput (2019): Review on the genus Tectaria Cav., from India. Plant Science Today 6(2): 170–182. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.2.511
PPG – I (2016): A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. Jour. Syst. Evol. 54(6): 563–603. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12229
Pichi-Serm olli, R.E.G. (1977): Tentamen Pteridophytorum generaint axonomi cumordin emredigendi. Webbia 31(2): 313‒512. doi: 10.1080/00837792.1977.10670077
Rajagopal, P.K. & K.G. Bhat (1998): Pteridophyte flora of Karnataka state, India. Indian Fern J. 15: 1–28.
Sledge, W.A. (1972): The Tectaroid Ferns of Ceylon. Kew Bull. 27(3): 413–423. https://doi.org/10.2307/4114354
Swoff ord, D.L. (2002): PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
Thomps on, J.D., T.J. Gibs on, F. Plewniak, F. Jeanmougin & D.G. Higgins (1997): The ClustalX windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 25: 4876–4882. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876
Wang, F.G., S. Barr att, W. Falcon, M.F. Fay, S. Lehtonen, H. Tuomisto, F.W Xing & M. Christenhusz (2014): On the monophyly of subfamily Tectarioideae (Polypodiaceae) and the phylogenetic placement of some associated fern genera. Phytotaxa 164(1): 001–016. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.164.1.1